The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey Essay - 790 Words

Throughout literature, authors of great works have utilized adventures taken by characters as a tool to exhibit the alteration of the character’s nature. Examples of such can be found in The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey. The journeys undertaken in The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey were transformative experiences for the characters in each and provided valuable cultural insights to the audience. At the start of The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is the arrogant ruler of the city Uruk. He is obsessed with immortality, which can be seen in the description of him at the epic’s beginning, â€Å"Seeking everywhere for eternal life† (Tablet I, 43). Because of his invincibility, Gilgamesh seems convinced that he is protected from death. However, he begins to realize his mortality following his friend, Enkidu, passing away. Relating Enkidu’s death to the possibility of his own, Gilgamesh states, â€Å"Shall I not die too? Am I not like Enkidu?† (Table t IX, 3). This leads Gilgamesh to the decision to journey to speak with Utanapishtim, a god who was made immortal following the survival of a great flood, so as to discover the secret of immortality and how it may be achieved. When his efforts at achieving his own immortality are thwarted, Gilgamesh is humbled by his newfound fallibility. His journey to find a way to sustain life stripped him of his former glory, transforming him from the person he once was.Show MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odysseus both are poems that have since early times been viewed as stories that teach the reader valuable life lessons, almost like a self-help book in today’s society. They both teach a lot of the same general lessons but there are some key similarities and differences throughout both works. Such as perseverance, and the inevitability of death are both lessons that are taught in each poem but they are presented to the reader through different interpretations. In theRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the realm of epic poetry, and hero-like characters in literature, the two works The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh can be compared and contrasted in different ways. The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh can be compared as expressions of searches for the meaning of life through knowledge. The two stories are somewhat mirrors in this manner. Throughout each story, the characters Odysseus and Gilgamesh show growth and change. The Odyssey can be summed up by stating how the greatRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1765 Words   |  8 Pagesand how their values have been passed down and evolved over time. The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey are both considerable representations of not only their unique cultures that set the very foundation of both civilization and storytelling, but also for their similar and different aspects of what they considered to be a hero. The most familiar structure to mythological stories such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey is that of a â€Å"tragic plot†. A tragic plot is a perfect plot that is connectedRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey888 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent, it makes a comparison of Gilgamesh and Odysseus an interesting subject. Both stories, â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Odyssey† identify the characters as successful warriors with many adventures to be told. Gilgamesh and Odysseus are human with many god-like qualities. Their perception of immortality, as well as regard for death and the influences of the gods in their lives and adventures, are similar; however, the characters are quite different. Gilgamesh was two-thirds God and one-thirdRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1487 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary pieces. In both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odyssey, water is used as a symbol that represents complex ideas, and it plays a significant role throughout both literary pieces. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, water is mainly used to symbolize life and death as well as rebirth or baptism. In several of Gilgamesh’s dreams water is used as a symbol that represents life. An example of this is when Gilgamesh and Enkidu journey into the forest to kill Humbaba. In one dream Gilgamesh dreams that Enkidu andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Odyssey Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesmisogyny into stone. There are some exceptional cases in the famous epic poems, the Epic of Gilgamesh of the Sumerians and Akkadians and the Odyssey from Homer of the Greeks. We all can agree that these epic poems or at most the authors did not view women with our modern perspective – equality among gender. However, we cannot deny that female characters helped set the path of the epic heroes’ journey to their goals. In these epic poems, women are portrayed as figures and themes of knowledge, motherhoodRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh84 7 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh (Similarities and Differences) Both The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh are two incredible stories written long ago everyone knows this but what a lot of people dont is that these two epics share many of the same concepts. Such as the nostro (the Greek term for homecoming), xenis (guest/host relationship), oikos (household), and aganoriss (recognition). In both epics these themes are illustrated. In The Odyssey the theme of nostro is very prevalentRead MoreThe Iliad, Odyssey, And Epic Of Gilgamesh1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad, Odyssey, and Epic of Gilgamesh all demonstrate the transformational process of their respective epic heroes through their strengths and weaknesses. Epic heroes such as Achilles, Odysseus, and Gilgamesh all possessed superior qualities that separated them from other individuals. Although their incredible abilities may support the societal perception of strong leadership, their weaknesses caused these characters to hold vices that went against the cultural expectations of what a strong leaderRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, And Beowulf854 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, â€Å"Oedipus the King†, â€Å"The Odyssey†, and â€Å"Beowulf†, the readers notice how society defines each main character by their heroic characteristics, the relationship between the humans and the divine, a nd the differences of how each hero’s journey ends. Gilgamesh, Oedipus, Odysseus, and Beowulf display several characteristics classifying themselves as heroes. In the story of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is â€Å"two-thirds divine and one-third human† (Gilgamesh, par 2). He displaysRead MoreSymbolism : The Epic Of Gilgamesh, And The Odyssey870 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to texts such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, the Hebrew Bible, and The Odyssey, symbolism plays a major role in understanding a piece of literature’s true intentions. This would explain the abundance of distinct character features, exaggerated scenarios, and countless approaches to new, bigger problems in these tales. But one of the most favored approaches to symbolism and interpretations seems to be through the way of dreams. Due to their unpredictable nature, dreams allow authors to take

Comparing 1984 And The Hunger Games - 930 Words

A dystopian society can be described as â€Å"a society characterized by human misery, as squalor, oppression,disease, and overcrowding† (Dystopia). Both 1984 and The Hunger Games are novels that revolve around dystopian societies. These two dystopian societies have many aspects in common. Each area is controlled by a high authority and contained by a hierarchy, consumed by poverty and struggle, inhumanely surveilled, and revolutions have been formed. The first similarity found between 1984 and The Hunger Games is the authority figures that have control over the public. . In 1984, their form of the police, The Thought Police, watch over citizens daily lives, to see how they act and live, to make sure no person is even slightly different than anyone else. These though police are known to be able to read minds, and can convict you of even thinking the wrong thing. In The Hunger Games, the government has a police force called Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers work in different districts to keep all citizens in check. The Peacekeepers are known to be rough and dangerous. In both novels, it is apparent that the police forces instituted by the societies government, are extremely invasive and improper towards citizens. However, this is exactly what the governments in both novels need in order to have complete control over citizens. They are very willing to do whatever it takes to be superior to their citizens. Additionally, both novels contain a Hierarchal governmental system. In The HungerShow MoreRelatedComparing the Dystopian Elements in Suzenne Collins The Hunger Games and George Orwells 19841377 Words   |  6 Pageselements in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games echo those in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Dystopian literature adheres to certain conventions; the theme of a dystopian future typically encompasses a severely repressed society, with socio-political dysfunction and class stratification. Themes of surveillance, censorship and personal independence have been established by authors such as George Orwell, and are recurrent throughout 2008 novel â€Å"The Hunger Games† by Suzanne Collins, although OrwellianRead MoreThe Effects Of Today s Media On The Homeless Community Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesperson who bats an eye when walking next to a man, woman or child who are begging for some spare change. Those who do however may think of how and where homelessness in America originated from. Especially if you are apart of an older generation, comparing the homeless to the 1940’s and early part of the 50’s, to our world today, there is a drastic change to be seen. 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Failure of Starbucks in Australia Case Study with Examples/Samples

Question: Describe about the Failure of Starbucks in Australia for Research Explores. Answer: Executive Summary This is a proposal for a research that would be conducted for understanding the failure of Starbucks in Australia. This research would be conducted in order to understand the causes of the failure of Starbucks, which is the largest Coffee Chain in USA, in the market of Australia. The objectives of the research are identification of reasons of failure, competitive forces, understanding cultural differences and Australian consumers. The research explores various events related to the case and conducts a strategic analysis on the case of Starbucks which includes PEST analysis, Porters five forces analysis and SWOT analysis of Starbucks. The proposal suggests the use of case study analysis as the primary research methodology that would be used for the case. The researcher proposes the research to begin with a literature review in which narrative analysis would be conducted on the case of Starbucks to understand cause of failure of the company in its expansion plan in Australia. It would also delve into some theoretical concepts about market entry strategies. The research proposal suggests taking an approach of multiple case studies and cross-case comparison in which three main cases including Starbucks, McDonald and Gloria Geans would be studied individually as well as cross-case analysis would be performed between them. Further, from the interpretations of the research findings, the research proposes a development of a strategic market entry plan for which the format is presented at the end of the proposal. Project Title This research project would explore the reasons of failure of Starbucks, the largest coffee store chain of USA, in Australia. Identified Problem/Question Failure of organizations in new markets is not a new thing to happen. There have been many such failures such as Bes Buy which was a success in USA but failed in China and Turkey, Groupon which was a hit in most Asian countries but not in China, and McDonalds that performed miserably in Trinindad and Tobago. The Starbucks which is the largest Coffee store chain of USA also failed miserably in the Australian market despite having most Coffee lovers. This research aims to understand what are the problems faced by organizations when entering a new market. In particular, it would explore the causes of failures taking the case of Starbucks in Australian market. Relevant Background Starbucks store was first opened by Jerry Baldwin in 1971 with one store in Seattle Washington. By 1971, cafe community environment found in Italy was brought to United States. The CEO Howard Schultz had later opened his own Italian coffee house Il Giornale after separating from Starbucks and later purchased 6 Starbucks locations in 1987 and fused Starbucks with his Italian bistro locations. The company saw a rapid growth by the year 1992 and by 1997, the company grew tenfold. Starbucks is the largest coffee house chain in the world today with over 21,000 stores spread across the globe. It is considered as 2nd most valuable fast food brand in America and carried a worldwide brand value of $25.8 billion(LEE, 2010). In the year 2000, the organization planned to expand into Australia which was a market with consumers liking coffee. It opened 84 stores in Australia for serving espresso coffee to Australian consumers. However, Australia was already a saturated market with over 6000 independent cafes that created a culture of strong espresso coffee experience. The stores did not get much acceptance from local citizens and by 2008; Starbucks had to close down 61 of its stores. This research aims to explore the case of Starbucks to understand the causes of failure of Starbucks. Research Objectives Objectives of this research are: Identifying reasons of failure of Starbucks in Australia To identify the reasons of failure, secondary documents talking about the case of failure of Starbucks would be explored and critically analysed in the literature review(Barnett-Page Thomas, 2009). Explore the forces from the competition faced by Starbucks in Australia from established chains like McDonalds, Gloria Jeans and some local Coffee shops A Porters forces analysis on Starbucks would held in understanding the overview of the competitive forces on the organization while entering Australian market(Bryman Bell, 2011). Understand if the cultural differences between Australian and American consumers contributed to the failure In order to understand the cultural differences between America and Australia, secondary research sources like journals and research studies would be explored and critically analysed in the literature review(Baxter Jack, Qualitative Case Implementation for Novice Researchers Study Methodology: Study Design and , 2008). Understanding preferences of Australian consumers of Coffee products In order to understand the preferences of Australian consumers of Coffee products, secondary research sources like journals and research studies would be explored and critically analysed in the literature review(Barnett-Page Thomas, 2009). Coming up with recommendations for Starbucks on market entry strategies or methods that could have helped it prevent failure. Based on the insights gained from the case study analyses, certain recommendations would be made for the company which could have helped the organization prevent failure in the target country(CRESWELL). Developing a general strategic market entry plan for any fast food company into Australia. The strategic plan would be developed based on the learning obtained from cross-case analysis and it would ne generalized and can be used for any fast food company that is planning to enter Australian market. This strategic plan would include information on external analysis, entry mode decision and marketing plan. Literature review After World War 2, European immigrants from Greek and Italy introduced Espresso Coffee to Australia and over the years, it became a ritual for the Australians who drank coffee every morning. The Coffee culture was more established by Australians during 1980s and by the year 2000, the Coffee culture of Australia became mature. The Coffee culture of Australia patronized the small boutique style of Coffee restaurants. Coffee culture of Australia Coffee industry of Australia was started in 1889 but its major expansion started by the year 1982 when the industry was revamped with small plantations in Woombah. In early 1990s, other plantations were also started and up to 20 hectares of agriculture were established by employing mechanical harvesters. Currently, the industry has 4 principal stages including growing, harvesting, processing of green beans and roasting and distribution. 70% of the Australian Coffee market is owned by Nestle( NSW, 1999). There are four main types of Coffee shop establishments in Australia including licensed cafes, Bring your Own Cafes, licensed BYO cafes and unlicensed cafes. There is a very tough competition that exists between restaurants, taverns, pubs and coffee clubs in the region. Competition is mainly exercised with differentiations in pricing, product quality and customer service. Key factors that make Coffee establishments succeed in Australia include: Clarity about the cafe type and customers of the cafe Design of business should be targeted to consumers Adjustment in goods and services as per the local tastes of consumers Prior experience of conducted business Skills of the staff in the organization Meeting government specific regulations Operating the cafe at its full capacity Most of these success criteria were not met in the case of Starbucks that entered the Australian market in the year 2000. The company was unaware of the local preferences of taste for pure espresso and brought in its milk rich coffee preparation that did not work with Australian consumers. This clearly suggests that there were no adjustments made in the service provided as per the taste of Australian consumers before the stores could be operated in Australia. Moreover, the company did not wait to gain experience with local market by operating few stores or one store but launched the complete chain with multiple store opening in multiple cities diluting its value on its own pushing their goods on Australian consumers. The stores were so much in quantity with so less demand for the Coffee at the price points that did into attracts Australian that the stores could never operate in full capacity making losses in the Australia market leading to its failure(Australian Government, 2012). Strategic Analysis Australia has certain industry barriers that may have been over-look by the company while they made planned for a huge entry into the new market. In order to understand if this was the case, a mapping may be done between the business environment of Australia and the company strategies adopted for market entry. Some strategic tools may be useful for evaluation of a new market before any market entry decision is taken by any of the organization such as porters market forces and PESTLE analysis. Moreover, in order to understand where the company stands in this environment, a SWOT analysis of the organization may be required(Meester, 2012). PEST Political: fast food industry is considered as an essential sector by Australian government as the industry contributes significantly to its GDP. 32% of the revenues from food come from fast food industry. Federal government has the power to influence the political climate of the country. Starbucks had received positive support from government which is why it was able to launch large number of its stores within a short time span. Economic: The economy was growing at the rate of 2.9% prior to 2009 but over the years after that, economy has faced a downturn. The food service industry was one major industry that contributed most to the economic benefits of the country. Thus, at the time, Starbucks planned to enter Australia, food services growth opportunities were attractive(Bryman Bell, 2011). Social: Australian consumers show strong alignment towards their local culture and have ethical and racial groups and communities following specific traditions. The population can be considered as cosmopolitan largely. People show lifestyle differences that are affected by variations in environment and fro immigrations of people in the country. Although, English is primary language, multilinguism exists in the country. Promotion of social welfare has been promoted by the government and supported by the people. Youth of the country are the most important diners and consumers of fast food restaurants. Australia has the 11th largest fast food consuming youth. Australian consumers seek healthier fast food options and are open to spending premium for the same(Downey, 2007). Technological: Australia is one of the most connected nation and regional organizations invest largely in technologies to get to their consumers as well as suppliers. 59% of the consumers in the market prefer to reach the services through an online platform in Australia. Porter's Forces theory Forces Description Bargaining power of customers Bargaining power of the consumer was strongest in the case of Australia and most of the consumers of fast food industry were the independent youth. Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers was less as Starbucks had their supply chain well established all over the world. Threats from new entrants New entrants could easily enter the Coffee shop market but at the same time, Starbucks was a huge organization that could not competed easily by new players. Threats from competition The region already had 6000 Coffee shop establishment from local brands, local restaurants and large fast food chains like Gloria Jeans and McDonald that were hard to beat. Threats from substitutes The industry has four key alternative models including licensed cafes, Bring your Own Cafes, licensed BYO cafes and unlicensed cafes(Choy, 2014) SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis Opportunities The Australian market was supportive for fast food market from government The country has a youth loving coffee and were greatest spenders of fast food industry The company had various different modes of entry that it could have chosen from franchisee, wholly owned subsidiary and so on The youth of the country are largest consumers of Coffee in the world Threats Local Coffee shops were matured and well developed with an environment that suited the taste of local consumers. There were over 6000 Coffee shop establishments in Australia that Starbucks have to compete with The culture of the Coffee shops in Australia is well established and the consumers are used to a very high level of experience that was difficult for Starbucks to replicate Strengths Starbucks has the capability to take quick steps for implementation of their strategies Starbucks was sound in finances and was well established Coffee chain all over the world with positive goodwill Weaknesses To overcome internal challenges, Starbucks had only a basic awareness for planning and implementation of a sound expansion plan The company did not have any experience of operating in the Australian market prior to its expansion(Downey, 2007) Research outcomes The outcomes of the research would include the following: An analysis of the case of Starbucks in Australia would reveal the mistakes that were done by the company that lead to its failure in the market Recommendations for the fast food chain that could have helped the company avoid its failure in the region General recommendations on establishing an entry plan and strategy for any fast food company while entering Australian market A general market entry strategic plan would be formulated for the entry of fast food company in Australia Research Methodology Research Paradigms Philosophical worldviews can affect the selection of a research design and the methods of analysis. Based on the worldviews that are assumed by a research for a study, appropriate research designs, inquiry strategies and research methods may be selected. Common worldviews can affect the decision of a researcher(Law, 2003). A philosophical trinity is formed through an understanding of what exists, if a researcher knows it and if it is valuable based on which philosophical paradigms may be chosen by a researcher. Epistemology can assist a research in determining own philosophy about the concept of knowledge while ontology is about the concept of being that explores the first base of philosophical trinity by answering what it is(Scotland Scotland, 2012). The common worldviews that can be assumed by a researcher include: Positivism which assumes an existence of an objective truth and takes a deductive or theory testing approach to methodology. If the researcher assumes this paradigm then a quantitative approach of research may be taken in which a research would prepare a questionnaire, conduct survey and perform a statistical analysis. However, in the current research, the researcher is not sure about what is a reality and thus, this approach may not be taken(Soini, Kronqvist, Huber, 2008). In the interpretevist approach, knowledge is assumed to be subjective and the same is required to be explored by taking an inductive or theory building approach. This may involve methods like ethnographic study, interviews and analytical exploration of qualitative information(Chawla Sondhi, 2011). A research which involves exploration of a concept in order to understand the causes of certain formations of events, this research view may be appropriate. In this view, the researcher does not assume any truth but would like to identify perspectives on a phenomenon. As the researcher in this case is unaware of an objective truth and is going to explore the idea from different subjective perspectives, interpretevist worldview is the foundation of the research design. This research would not take primary sources and thus, an analytical approach would be taken to construct a research design for the study(Raddon, 2010). Research Design A research design involves a set of plans and procedures that are used for defining specific research methods that are applied to a research study considering certain assumptions. There can be three types of research designs that can be used for any study and these include qualitative, quantitative and mixed research. In this study, qualitative research design would be used as it is the most appropriate strategy of exploration for cases where human perceptions have to be understood in a broad context or an area which does not have enough theories that can be tested directly(Creswell J. W., 2002). Case study are used when one event or a set of events that are related are required to be explored to be able to describe and explain them. The data that is analysed in this approach is mostly obtained from secondary sources like documents like journal articles, research reports, and physical artefacts or from primary sources like interviews and observation. In this research, the data would be obtained from secondary sources(Flyvbjerg, 2006). A typical case study that is used for the purpose of learning about a phenomenon uses a common protocol that acts as a guide to form research methodology. As per this guide, following inquiries may be made in a case study about the studied concept: Significance of the phenomenon being studied and research questions to be answered and these are is already discussed in the beginning of this proposal Determination of the units of analysis and the purpose of research Data collection technique which in this case study is the secondary document exploration Case description which explores the major events of the case study The findings from the study can be analysed using different methods like case perspectives, cross-case comparison and narratives. In this case, the researcher would use cross-case comparison and narratives as the methods of analysis(MEYER, 2001). Methods This research would be conducted using a multiple case study analysis in which two cases of Gloria Jeans and McDonalds as establishments in the Australian fast food market would be explored and the lessons would be applied to the case of Starbucks to understand the causes of failure as well as come up with recommendations for making the entry strategy better that could have prevented the failure. Each of the case studies would include the following content for analysis(Gray, 2012): Gloria Jeans: The case study would include the understanding of the strategy that the company used for entering the Australian market and a SWOT analysis would be conducted for the specific company. McDonald: The case study would include the understanding of the strategy that the company used for entering the Australian market and a SWOT analysis would be conducted for the specific company. Starbucks: This case study would explore the causes of failure of Starbucks with respect to the strategic errors made by the company. This would include a complete exploration of all the stages of the market entry. Based on the learning from the case studies, a strategic entry plan would be developed for a fast food company in the Australian market. Each of the case studies would include the discussions in narrative forms about major events including history, strategic decisions, changes adopted, organizational background, and target consumer groups(Dalal Chhillar, 2012). After individual case discussions, a cross-case analysis would be performed in which patterns of differences and similarities in the three cases would be identified(Ausburn, Martens, Washington, Steel, Washburn, 2009). This cross-case analysis results would be interpreted to understand the causes behind failure of Starbucks including strategies, decisions and approaches that went wrong. This would also form the base for formulation of a strategic plan for entry of a fast food organization in Australia(MEYER, 2001). The strategic plan that would be prepared for the fast food company entry in Australia would include following elements: External Analysis through the porters five forces analysis and PEST analysis of Australia Entry Mode Decision from acquisition, Greenfield venture, exporting, strategic alliances, licensing or franchising. Exporting is the fastest entry mode that can be gained with least risk and is appropriate for organizations that have less local knowledge. Franchising is another fast and low cost, low risk method with less control but there is a risk that the franchisee can actually become a competition at later stages. Acquisitions are used for established operations and are a high cost strategy which may also face issues in integrating with the home unit. Partnering or strategic alliances can be formed with existing local organizations operating in the target market such that both expenses and risks are shared between two entities. It has a higher cost for the expanding organization than franchisee and may also face issues with integration between two organizational cultures. A Greenfield venture involves a launch of a wholly owned subsidiary which requires a complete understanding of the host country market. In this mode of entry, the process is slow, involves huge investment and has high unknown risks(Grinnell Unrau, 2010). Marketing Plan which would include details of strategies to be used for segmentation, preparation, targeting, positioning, and execution(Meester, 2012). Ethical Issues Various ethical issues that would be taken care of by the researcher in this research include: The data obtained on the basis of which the research would include the analysis, would be acquired only from authentic academic sources like journals, books and other research reports If the secondary data obtained requires a consent to be taken from the original author then the same would be obtained by the researcher to ensure integrity The researcher would ensure that the data that would be used for the research would only be relevant to the subject of research and would contribute to attainment of its objectives in some way(Golafshani, 2003) The analysis done would not be biased by the personal opinion of the researcher but only a critical analysis would be conducted based on the insights obtained from secondary sources(Denzin Lincoln, 2011) All the sources would be explicitly stated in the research document and no part of the data would be modified in any manner by the researcher for conducting analysis to ensure data validity(Dodd, 2003). Limitations A major limitation of this research is that it does not include any primary data that could have revealed some useful insights on the subjects. Such an analysis could have been done by reaching out to people who was the part of the establishment or who were the consumers who did not accept the brand in Australia. Another limitation of this research would be that it would not include the views of experts of the industry but would only be based on the data obtained from past research documents that would be critically analysed by the researcher to understand the case. Conclusion This research aimed to understand the causes of the failure of Starbucks in Australia. It uses a literature review and narrative analysis on the case of Starbucks in order to understand the causes of failure. 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